A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey

Yashvi Sharma; Jesper Sollerman; Christoffer Fremling; Shrinivas R. Kulkarni; Kishalay De; Ido Irani; Steve Schulze; Nora Linn Strotjohann; Avishay Gal-Yam; Kate Maguire; Daniel A. Perley; Eric C. Bellm; Erik C. Kool; Thomas G. Brink; Rachel Bruch; Maxime Deckers; Richard Dekany; Alison Dugas; Alexei V. Filippenko; Samantha Goldwasser; Matthew J. Graham; Melissa L. Graham; Steven L. Groom; Matt Hankins; Jacob Jencson; Joel P. Johansson; Viraj Karambelkar; Mansi M. Kasliwal; Frank J. Masci; Michael S. Medford; James D. Neill; Guy Nir; Reed L. Riddle; Mickael Rigault; Tassilo Schweyer; Jacco H. Terwel; Lin Yan; Yi Yang; Yuhan Yao

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey

Yashvi Sharma^*, Jesper Sollerman, Christoffer Fremling, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, Kishalay De, Ido Irani, Steve Schulze, Nora Linn Strotjohann, Avishay Gal-Yam, Kate Maguire, Daniel A. Perley, Eric C. Bellm, Erik C. Kool, Thomas G. Brink, Rachel Bruch, Maxime Deckers, Richard Dekany, Alison Dugas, Alexei V. Filippenko, Samantha GoldwasserMatthew J. Graham, Melissa L. Graham, Steven L. Groom, Matt Hankins, Jacob Jencson, Joel P. Johansson, Viraj Karambelkar, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Frank J. Masci, Michael S. Medford, James D. Neill, Guy Nir, Reed L. Riddle, Mickael Rigault, Tassilo Schweyer, Jacco H. Terwel, Lin Yan, Yi Yang, Yuhan Yao

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM), there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, which show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted Type Ia spectrum. The only previous systematic study of this class identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, eight historic and eight from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional SNe Ia-CSM through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Consistent with previous studies, we find these SNe to have slowly evolving optical light curves with peak absolute magnitudes between −19.1 and −21, spectra having weak Hβ and large Balmer decrements of ∼7. Out of the 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, nine have 3σ detections, with some SNe showing a reduction in the red wing of Hα, indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent widths of He i λ5876 than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We derive a rate estimate of 29 − 21 + 27 Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ for SNe Ia-CSM, which is ∼0.02%-0.2% of the SN Ia rate. We also identify six ambiguous SNe IIn/Ia-CSM in the BTS sample and including them gives an upper limit rate of 0.07%-0.8%. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al., increasing the total number to 28.

Original language	English
Article number	52
Number of pages	21
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	948
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

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Sharma, Y., Sollerman, J., Fremling, C., Kulkarni, S. R., De, K., Irani, I., Schulze, S., Strotjohann, N. L., Gal-Yam, A., Maguire, K., Perley, D. A., Bellm, E. C., Kool, E. C., Brink, T. G., Bruch, R., Deckers, M., Dekany, R., Dugas, A., Filippenko, A. V., ... Yao, Y. (2023). A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey. Astrophysical Journal, 948(1), Article 52. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

@article{07c7c8aa4bce4e0fadbf45445be25b0d,

title = "A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey",

abstract = "Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM), there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, which show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted Type Ia spectrum. The only previous systematic study of this class identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, eight historic and eight from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional SNe Ia-CSM through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Consistent with previous studies, we find these SNe to have slowly evolving optical light curves with peak absolute magnitudes between −19.1 and −21, spectra having weak Hβ and large Balmer decrements of ∼7. Out of the 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, nine have 3σ detections, with some SNe showing a reduction in the red wing of Hα, indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent widths of He i λ5876 than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We derive a rate estimate of 29 − 21 + 27 Gpc−3 yr−1 for SNe Ia-CSM, which is ∼0.02%-0.2% of the SN Ia rate. We also identify six ambiguous SNe IIn/Ia-CSM in the BTS sample and including them gives an upper limit rate of 0.07%-0.8%. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al., increasing the total number to 28.",

author = "Yashvi Sharma and Jesper Sollerman and Christoffer Fremling and Kulkarni, {Shrinivas R.} and Kishalay De and Ido Irani and Steve Schulze and Strotjohann, {Nora Linn} and Avishay Gal-Yam and Kate Maguire and Perley, {Daniel A.} and Bellm, {Eric C.} and Kool, {Erik C.} and Brink, {Thomas G.} and Rachel Bruch and Maxime Deckers and Richard Dekany and Alison Dugas and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Samantha Goldwasser and Graham, {Matthew J.} and Graham, {Melissa L.} and Groom, {Steven L.} and Matt Hankins and Jacob Jencson and Johansson, {Joel P.} and Viraj Karambelkar and Kasliwal, {Mansi M.} and Masci, {Frank J.} and Medford, {Michael S.} and Neill, {James D.} and Guy Nir and Riddle, {Reed L.} and Mickael Rigault and Tassilo Schweyer and Terwel, {Jacco H.} and Lin Yan and Yi Yang and Yuhan Yao",

year = "2023",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16",

language = "English",

volume = "948",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing",

number = "1",

}

Sharma, Y, Sollerman, J, Fremling, C, Kulkarni, SR, De, K, Irani, I, Schulze, S, Strotjohann, NL, Gal-Yam, A, Maguire, K, Perley, DA, Bellm, EC, Kool, EC, Brink, TG, Bruch, R, Deckers, M, Dekany, R, Dugas, A, Filippenko, AV, Goldwasser, S, Graham, MJ, Graham, ML, Groom, SL, Hankins, M, Jencson, J, Johansson, JP, Karambelkar, V, Kasliwal, MM, Masci, FJ, Medford, MS, Neill, JD, Nir, G, Riddle, RL, Rigault, M, Schweyer, T, Terwel, JH, Yan, L, Yang, Y & Yao, Y 2023, 'A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 948, no. 1, 52. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey

AU - Sharma, Yashvi

AU - Sollerman, Jesper

AU - Fremling, Christoffer

AU - Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.

AU - De, Kishalay

AU - Irani, Ido

AU - Schulze, Steve

AU - Strotjohann, Nora Linn

AU - Gal-Yam, Avishay

AU - Maguire, Kate

AU - Perley, Daniel A.

AU - Bellm, Eric C.

AU - Kool, Erik C.

AU - Brink, Thomas G.

AU - Bruch, Rachel

AU - Deckers, Maxime

AU - Dekany, Richard

AU - Dugas, Alison

AU - Filippenko, Alexei V.

AU - Goldwasser, Samantha

AU - Graham, Matthew J.

AU - Graham, Melissa L.

AU - Groom, Steven L.

AU - Hankins, Matt

AU - Jencson, Jacob

AU - Johansson, Joel P.

AU - Karambelkar, Viraj

AU - Kasliwal, Mansi M.

AU - Masci, Frank J.

AU - Medford, Michael S.

AU - Neill, James D.

AU - Nir, Guy

AU - Riddle, Reed L.

AU - Rigault, Mickael

AU - Schweyer, Tassilo

AU - Terwel, Jacco H.

AU - Yan, Lin

AU - Yang, Yi

AU - Yao, Yuhan

PY - 2023/5/1

Y1 - 2023/5/1

N2 - Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM), there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, which show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted Type Ia spectrum. The only previous systematic study of this class identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, eight historic and eight from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional SNe Ia-CSM through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Consistent with previous studies, we find these SNe to have slowly evolving optical light curves with peak absolute magnitudes between −19.1 and −21, spectra having weak Hβ and large Balmer decrements of ∼7. Out of the 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, nine have 3σ detections, with some SNe showing a reduction in the red wing of Hα, indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent widths of He i λ5876 than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We derive a rate estimate of 29 − 21 + 27 Gpc−3 yr−1 for SNe Ia-CSM, which is ∼0.02%-0.2% of the SN Ia rate. We also identify six ambiguous SNe IIn/Ia-CSM in the BTS sample and including them gives an upper limit rate of 0.07%-0.8%. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al., increasing the total number to 28.

AB - Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM), there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, which show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted Type Ia spectrum. The only previous systematic study of this class identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, eight historic and eight from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional SNe Ia-CSM through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Consistent with previous studies, we find these SNe to have slowly evolving optical light curves with peak absolute magnitudes between −19.1 and −21, spectra having weak Hβ and large Balmer decrements of ∼7. Out of the 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, nine have 3σ detections, with some SNe showing a reduction in the red wing of Hα, indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent widths of He i λ5876 than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We derive a rate estimate of 29 − 21 + 27 Gpc−3 yr−1 for SNe Ia-CSM, which is ∼0.02%-0.2% of the SN Ia rate. We also identify six ambiguous SNe IIn/Ia-CSM in the BTS sample and including them gives an upper limit rate of 0.07%-0.8%. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al., increasing the total number to 28.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85157998944&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85157998944

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 948

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 52

ER -

A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey

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