Autoimmune thyroid diseases as a cost of physiological autoimmune surveillance

Tomer Milo; Yael Korem Kohanim; Yoel Toledano; Uri Alon

doi:10.1016/j.it.2023.03.007

Autoimmune thyroid diseases as a cost of physiological autoimmune surveillance

Tomer Milo, Yael Korem Kohanim, Yoel Toledano, Uri Alon^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Molecular Cell Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

232 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Despite their opposing clinical manifestation, they have several enigmatic links. Here, we propose that GD and HT have the same fundamental origin: both diseases are the cost of a beneficial physiological process called autoimmune surveillance of hypersecreting mutants. Autoreactive T cells selectively eliminate mutant cells that hypersecrete the hormones and threaten to become toxic nodules. These T cells can trigger a humoral response in susceptible individuals, leading to the production of antibodies against thyroid antigens. This shared origin can explain similarities in incidence and risk factors between HT and GD, despite their opposite clinical phenotypes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	365-371
Number of pages	7
Journal	Trends in Immunology
Volume	44
Issue number	5
Early online date	13 Apr 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2023.03.007
Publication status	Published - May 2023

Funding

Funding Information: We thank Johannes Dietrich for discussions and Rami Jaschek and Amos Tanay for help with acquiring disease incidence data. Data acquisition was approved by the Clalit Helsinki Committee RMC-1059-20. Figures 1–3 were created with BioRender ( BioRender.com ). This work was supported by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 856487 ).

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Immunology and Allergy
Immunology

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ua_TrendsImmunol_AutoimmuneThyroidDiseases_AM2023.pdfAccepted author manuscript, 780 KBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Autoimmune thyroid diseases as a cost of physiological autoimmune surveillance",

abstract = "Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Despite their opposing clinical manifestation, they have several enigmatic links. Here, we propose that GD and HT have the same fundamental origin: both diseases are the cost of a beneficial physiological process called autoimmune surveillance of hypersecreting mutants. Autoreactive T cells selectively eliminate mutant cells that hypersecrete the hormones and threaten to become toxic nodules. These T cells can trigger a humoral response in susceptible individuals, leading to the production of antibodies against thyroid antigens. This shared origin can explain similarities in incidence and risk factors between HT and GD, despite their opposite clinical phenotypes. ",

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T1 - Autoimmune thyroid diseases as a cost of physiological autoimmune surveillance

AU - Milo, Tomer

AU - Kohanim, Yael Korem

AU - Toledano, Yoel

AU - Alon, Uri

PY - 2023/5

Y1 - 2023/5

N2 - Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Despite their opposing clinical manifestation, they have several enigmatic links. Here, we propose that GD and HT have the same fundamental origin: both diseases are the cost of a beneficial physiological process called autoimmune surveillance of hypersecreting mutants. Autoreactive T cells selectively eliminate mutant cells that hypersecrete the hormones and threaten to become toxic nodules. These T cells can trigger a humoral response in susceptible individuals, leading to the production of antibodies against thyroid antigens. This shared origin can explain similarities in incidence and risk factors between HT and GD, despite their opposite clinical phenotypes.

AB - Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Despite their opposing clinical manifestation, they have several enigmatic links. Here, we propose that GD and HT have the same fundamental origin: both diseases are the cost of a beneficial physiological process called autoimmune surveillance of hypersecreting mutants. Autoreactive T cells selectively eliminate mutant cells that hypersecrete the hormones and threaten to become toxic nodules. These T cells can trigger a humoral response in susceptible individuals, leading to the production of antibodies against thyroid antigens. This shared origin can explain similarities in incidence and risk factors between HT and GD, despite their opposite clinical phenotypes.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85152502930

U2 - 10.1016/j.it.2023.03.007

DO - 10.1016/j.it.2023.03.007

M3 - Review article

SN - 1471-4906

VL - 44

SP - 365

EP - 371

JO - Trends in Immunology

JF - Trends in Immunology

IS - 5

ER -

Autoimmune thyroid diseases as a cost of physiological autoimmune surveillance

Abstract

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