TY - JOUR
T1 - The GALEX-PTF Experiment. II. Supernova Progenitor Radius and Energetics via Shock-cooling Modeling
AU - Ganot, Noam
AU - Ofek, Eran O.
AU - Gal-Yam, Avishay
AU - Schulze, Steve
AU - Soumagnac, Maayane T.
AU - Morag, Jonathan
AU - Waxman, Eli
AU - Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
AU - Kasliwal, Mansi M.
AU - Neill, James
PY - 2022/5/25
Y1 - 2022/5/25
N2 - The radius and surface composition of an exploding massive star, as well as the explosion energy per unit mass, can be measured using early ultraviolet (UV) observations of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). We present the results from a simultaneous Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) search for early UV emission from SNe. We analyze five CC SNe for which we obtained near-UV (NUV) measurements before the first ground-based R-band detection. We introduce SOPRANOS, a new maximum likelihood fitting tool for models with variable temporal validity windows, and use it to fit the Sapir & Waxman shock-cooling model to the data. We report four Type II SNe with progenitor radii in the range of R* ≈ 600–1100 R⊙ and a shock velocity parameter in the range of vs* ≈ 2700–6000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 2–8 × 1050 erg/M⊙) and one Type IIb SN with R* ≈ 210 R⊙ and vs* ≈ 11,000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 1.8 × 1051 erg/M⊙). Our pilot GALEX/PTF project thus suggests that a dedicated, systematic SN survey in the NUV band, such as the wide-field UV explorer ULTRASAT mission, is a compelling method to study the properties of SN progenitors and SN energetics.
AB - The radius and surface composition of an exploding massive star, as well as the explosion energy per unit mass, can be measured using early ultraviolet (UV) observations of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). We present the results from a simultaneous Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) search for early UV emission from SNe. We analyze five CC SNe for which we obtained near-UV (NUV) measurements before the first ground-based R-band detection. We introduce SOPRANOS, a new maximum likelihood fitting tool for models with variable temporal validity windows, and use it to fit the Sapir & Waxman shock-cooling model to the data. We report four Type II SNe with progenitor radii in the range of R* ≈ 600–1100 R⊙ and a shock velocity parameter in the range of vs* ≈ 2700–6000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 2–8 × 1050 erg/M⊙) and one Type IIb SN with R* ≈ 210 R⊙ and vs* ≈ 11,000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 1.8 × 1051 erg/M⊙). Our pilot GALEX/PTF project thus suggests that a dedicated, systematic SN survey in the NUV band, such as the wide-field UV explorer ULTRASAT mission, is a compelling method to study the properties of SN progenitors and SN energetics.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131556831&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67ef
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67ef
M3 - Article
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 931
JO - The Astrophysical journal
JF - The Astrophysical journal
IS - 1
M1 - 71
ER -