The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity

Sivan Frankin; Srinivas Kunta; Shahal Abbo; Hanan Sela; Ben Z. Goldberg; David J. Bonfil; Avraham A. Levy; Naomi Avivi-Ragolsky; Kamal Nashef; Rajib Roychowdhury; Tomer Faraj; Dikla Lifshitz; Einav Mayzlish-Gati; Roi Ben-David

doi:10.1002/jsfa.9822

The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity

Sivan Frankin, Srinivas Kunta, Shahal Abbo, Hanan Sela, Ben Z. Goldberg, David J. Bonfil, Avraham A. Levy, Naomi Avivi-Ragolsky, Kamal Nashef, Rajib Roychowdhury, Tomer Faraj, Dikla Lifshitz, Einav Mayzlish-Gati, Roi Ben-David^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND For over a century, genetic diversity of wheat worldwide was eroded by continual selection for high yields and industrial demands. Wheat landraces cultivated in Israel and Palestine demonstrate high genetic diversity and a potentially wide repertoire of adaptive alleles. While most Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces were lost in the transition to 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarf varieties, some germplasm collections made at the beginning of the 20th century survived in gene banks and private collections worldwide. However, fragmentation and poor conservation place this unique genetic resource at a high risk of genetic erosion. Herein, we describe a long-term initiative to restore, conserve, and characterize a collection of Israeli and Palestinian wheat landraces (IPLR). RESULTS We report on (i) the IPLR construction (n = 932), (ii) the historical and agronomic context to this collection, (iii) the characterization and assessment of the IPLR's genetic diversity, and (iv) a data comparison from two distinct subcollections within IPLR: a collection made by N. Vavilov in 1926 (IPLR-VIR) and a later one (1979-1981) made by Y. Mattatia (IPLR-M). Though conducted in the same eco-geographic space, these two collections were subjected to considerably different conservation pathways. IPLR-M, which underwent only one propagation cycle, demonstrated marked genetic and phenotypic variability (within and between accessions) in comparison with IPLR-VIR, which had been regularly regenerated over similar to 90 years. CONCLUSION We postulate that long-term ex situ conservation involving human and genotype x environment selection may significantly reduce accession heterogeneity and allelic diversity. Results are further discussed in a broader context of pre-breeding and conservation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4083-4092
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Volume	100
Issue number	11
Early online date	29 May 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9822
Publication status	Published - 30 Aug 2020

Funding

Thanks to the ‘Eretz Hita Wheat Landrace Initiative’, without which this IPLR collection and this study would not have been possible. Thanks to Michal Gurevich for adding useful comments, to Dr Smadar Ezrati and Cathy Melamed‐Bessudo for helping to process the genotyping, and to Nadav Yudekovitz for his help in fieldwork and phenotyping. Special thanks to Dr Thomas Payne, the head of CIMMYT gene bank, for his awareness in rescuing the Efrat core‐collection. This study was supported by a 2016 IGB grant and Ministry of Agriculture grant 20‐01‐0097. Translation and access to historical texts, which provided invaluable context for this study, was funded in part by Yad Hanadiv. SF's doctoral studies are funded by Gvati, Danziger, and Sam‐Hamburg fellowships. Funding Information: IGB. Grant Number: 2016, Ministry of Agriculture. Grant Number: 20‐01‐0097.

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Biotechnology
Food Science
Agronomy and Crop Science
Nutrition and Dietetics

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10.1002/jsfa.9822

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Frankin, S., Kunta, S., Abbo, S., Sela, H., Goldberg, B. Z., Bonfil, D. J., Levy, A. A., Avivi-Ragolsky, N., Nashef, K., Roychowdhury, R., Faraj, T., Lifshitz, D., Mayzlish-Gati, E., & Ben-David, R. (2020). The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(11), 4083-4092. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9822

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title = "The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity",

abstract = "BACKGROUND For over a century, genetic diversity of wheat worldwide was eroded by continual selection for high yields and industrial demands. Wheat landraces cultivated in Israel and Palestine demonstrate high genetic diversity and a potentially wide repertoire of adaptive alleles. While most Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces were lost in the transition to 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarf varieties, some germplasm collections made at the beginning of the 20th century survived in gene banks and private collections worldwide. However, fragmentation and poor conservation place this unique genetic resource at a high risk of genetic erosion. Herein, we describe a long-term initiative to restore, conserve, and characterize a collection of Israeli and Palestinian wheat landraces (IPLR). RESULTS We report on (i) the IPLR construction (n = 932), (ii) the historical and agronomic context to this collection, (iii) the characterization and assessment of the IPLR's genetic diversity, and (iv) a data comparison from two distinct subcollections within IPLR: a collection made by N. Vavilov in 1926 (IPLR-VIR) and a later one (1979-1981) made by Y. Mattatia (IPLR-M). Though conducted in the same eco-geographic space, these two collections were subjected to considerably different conservation pathways. IPLR-M, which underwent only one propagation cycle, demonstrated marked genetic and phenotypic variability (within and between accessions) in comparison with IPLR-VIR, which had been regularly regenerated over similar to 90 years. CONCLUSION We postulate that long-term ex situ conservation involving human and genotype x environment selection may significantly reduce accession heterogeneity and allelic diversity. Results are further discussed in a broader context of pre-breeding and conservation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry",

author = "Sivan Frankin and Srinivas Kunta and Shahal Abbo and Hanan Sela and Goldberg, {Ben Z.} and Bonfil, {David J.} and Levy, {Avraham A.} and Naomi Avivi-Ragolsky and Kamal Nashef and Rajib Roychowdhury and Tomer Faraj and Dikla Lifshitz and Einav Mayzlish-Gati and Roi Ben-David",

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Frankin, S, Kunta, S, Abbo, S, Sela, H, Goldberg, BZ, Bonfil, DJ, Levy, AA, Avivi-Ragolsky, N, Nashef, K, Roychowdhury, R, Faraj, T, Lifshitz, D, Mayzlish-Gati, E & Ben-David, R 2020, 'The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 4083-4092. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9822

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection

T2 - restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity

AU - Frankin, Sivan

AU - Kunta, Srinivas

AU - Abbo, Shahal

AU - Sela, Hanan

AU - Goldberg, Ben Z.

AU - Bonfil, David J.

AU - Levy, Avraham A.

AU - Avivi-Ragolsky, Naomi

AU - Nashef, Kamal

AU - Roychowdhury, Rajib

AU - Faraj, Tomer

AU - Lifshitz, Dikla

AU - Mayzlish-Gati, Einav

AU - Ben-David, Roi

PY - 2020/8/30

Y1 - 2020/8/30

N2 - BACKGROUND For over a century, genetic diversity of wheat worldwide was eroded by continual selection for high yields and industrial demands. Wheat landraces cultivated in Israel and Palestine demonstrate high genetic diversity and a potentially wide repertoire of adaptive alleles. While most Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces were lost in the transition to 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarf varieties, some germplasm collections made at the beginning of the 20th century survived in gene banks and private collections worldwide. However, fragmentation and poor conservation place this unique genetic resource at a high risk of genetic erosion. Herein, we describe a long-term initiative to restore, conserve, and characterize a collection of Israeli and Palestinian wheat landraces (IPLR). RESULTS We report on (i) the IPLR construction (n = 932), (ii) the historical and agronomic context to this collection, (iii) the characterization and assessment of the IPLR's genetic diversity, and (iv) a data comparison from two distinct subcollections within IPLR: a collection made by N. Vavilov in 1926 (IPLR-VIR) and a later one (1979-1981) made by Y. Mattatia (IPLR-M). Though conducted in the same eco-geographic space, these two collections were subjected to considerably different conservation pathways. IPLR-M, which underwent only one propagation cycle, demonstrated marked genetic and phenotypic variability (within and between accessions) in comparison with IPLR-VIR, which had been regularly regenerated over similar to 90 years. CONCLUSION We postulate that long-term ex situ conservation involving human and genotype x environment selection may significantly reduce accession heterogeneity and allelic diversity. Results are further discussed in a broader context of pre-breeding and conservation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

AB - BACKGROUND For over a century, genetic diversity of wheat worldwide was eroded by continual selection for high yields and industrial demands. Wheat landraces cultivated in Israel and Palestine demonstrate high genetic diversity and a potentially wide repertoire of adaptive alleles. While most Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces were lost in the transition to 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarf varieties, some germplasm collections made at the beginning of the 20th century survived in gene banks and private collections worldwide. However, fragmentation and poor conservation place this unique genetic resource at a high risk of genetic erosion. Herein, we describe a long-term initiative to restore, conserve, and characterize a collection of Israeli and Palestinian wheat landraces (IPLR). RESULTS We report on (i) the IPLR construction (n = 932), (ii) the historical and agronomic context to this collection, (iii) the characterization and assessment of the IPLR's genetic diversity, and (iv) a data comparison from two distinct subcollections within IPLR: a collection made by N. Vavilov in 1926 (IPLR-VIR) and a later one (1979-1981) made by Y. Mattatia (IPLR-M). Though conducted in the same eco-geographic space, these two collections were subjected to considerably different conservation pathways. IPLR-M, which underwent only one propagation cycle, demonstrated marked genetic and phenotypic variability (within and between accessions) in comparison with IPLR-VIR, which had been regularly regenerated over similar to 90 years. CONCLUSION We postulate that long-term ex situ conservation involving human and genotype x environment selection may significantly reduce accession heterogeneity and allelic diversity. Results are further discussed in a broader context of pre-breeding and conservation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

U2 - 10.1002/jsfa.9822

DO - 10.1002/jsfa.9822

M3 - Article

SN - 0022-5142

VL - 100

SP - 4083

EP - 4092

JO - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

IS - 11

ER -

The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity

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